Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has become one of the most common procedures for patients suffering from chronic sinus issues. With advanced technology and minimally invasive techniques, ENT surgeon can now treat sinus problems effectively while reducing recovery time. But when exactly is endoscopic sinus surgery recommended? In this blog, we’ll explore the conditions, benefits, procedure, and recovery process associated with ESS, helping you make an informed decision for your health.
What is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to remove blockages in the sinuses. Unlike traditional sinus surgery, ESS uses a small endoscope, a thin, flexible tube with a camera, to provide a clear view of the sinus passages. This allows the surgeon to precisely remove polyps, inflamed tissue, or bone obstructions without affecting surrounding healthy tissue.
Key benefits of ESS include:
- Minimal pain and scarring
- Faster recovery compared to conventional surgery
- Better visibility and precision during surgery
- Reduced risk of complications
Common Conditions That May Require ESS
Endoscopic sinus surgery is not the first treatment option for sinus issues. Most patients undergo medical management first, including nasal sprays, antibiotics, and allergy treatment. ESS is generally recommended when symptoms persist or worsen despite conservative treatment.
1. Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic sinusitis is a long-lasting inflammation of the sinuses that lasts 12 weeks or more, despite medication. Symptoms include:
- Nasal congestion
- Facial pain or pressure
- Loss of smell
- Persistent postnasal drip
- Headaches
If medications fail to provide relief, ESS can help open blocked sinus passages and improve drainage, reducing inflammation and discomfort.
2. Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, noncancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses. Large polyps can block airflow, making it hard to breathe and increasing the risk of sinus infections.
Endoscopic sinus surgery allows the ENT specialist to remove these polyps precisely, while preserving surrounding tissues. After surgery, nasal sprays or medications may be recommended to prevent recurrence.
3. Deviated Septum
A deviated septum can block sinus drainage and lead to recurrent sinus infections. While septoplasty is often performed to correct the septum, it is sometimes combined with ESS if sinus obstruction is also present.
4. Fungal Sinus Infections
Fungal infections of the sinuses are less common but can be severe. ESS may be required to remove fungal debris and restore normal sinus function. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent complications, especially in immunocompromised patients.
5. Tumours or Abnormal Growths
In rare cases, benign or malignant tumours may obstruct the sinuses. Endoscopic sinus surgery allows ENT surgeons to remove abnormal growths with minimal invasiveness, often preserving normal anatomy and function.
When ESS May Not Be Recommended
Not every sinus problem requires surgery. ESS is generally avoided if:
- Symptoms are mild and respond to medications
- Patient has certain bleeding disorders or severe health conditions
- Sinus problems are caused by temporary infections
Preparing for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Before undergoing ESS, your ENT specialist may advise the following:
- Stop certain medications: Blood thinners or anti-inflammatory drugs may need to be paused.
- Preoperative tests: Blood work or imaging studies may be required.
- Discuss anaesthesia options: ESS is usually performed under general or local anaesthesia.
- Manage pre-existing conditions: Allergies or infections may need treatment before surgery.
Proper preparation ensures smooth surgery and faster recovery.
The ESS Procedure
Endoscopic sinus surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis, meaning most patients can go home the same day. Here’s what to expect:
- Anaesthesia: You will receive general or local anaesthesia.
- Insertion of endoscope: A small endoscope is inserted through the nostrils to provide a detailed view.
- Removal of blockages: Polyps, inflamed tissue, or bone obstructions are carefully removed.
- Sinus opening: Blocked sinuses are widened to improve drainage.
- Minimal bleeding: The precise technique reduces bleeding and damage to surrounding tissue.
The procedure typically lasts 1–2 hours, depending on the complexity.
Recovery After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Recovery is generally faster compared to traditional sinus surgery. Key points include:
- Mild discomfort and congestion for a few days
- Saline nasal irrigation to keep sinuses clean
- Avoid strenuous activity for 1–2 weeks
- Follow-up visits to monitor healing and prevent recurrence
Most patients return to normal activities within a week or two, but complete healing may take several weeks.
Benefits of Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
- Improved breathing and airflow
- Reduced sinus infections
- Better sense of smell
- Minimally invasive with faster recovery
- Lower risk of complications
With proper post-surgery care, ESS can significantly improve the quality of life for patients suffering from chronic sinus problems.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
1. How long does the surgery take?
Typically, ESS takes 1–2 hours, depending on the severity of the sinus blockage.
2. Is endoscopic sinus surgery painful?
Most patients experience mild discomfort; pain is usually manageable with prescribed medications.
3. Can sinus problems return after surgery?
Recurrence is possible, especially in patients with allergies or polyps, but follow-up care reduces the risk.
4. How soon can I resume normal activities?
Light activities can usually be resumed within a few days, while strenuous work should wait 1–2 weeks.
5. Are there any risks involved?
Like any surgery, ESS carries small risks such as bleeding, infection, or minor changes in sense of smell, but these are rare with experienced ENT surgeons.
6. Do I need medications after surgery?
Yes, nasal sprays or antibiotics may be prescribed to prevent infection and promote healing.
7. Can children undergo ESS?
Yes, ESS can be performed in children with chronic sinusitis or nasal polyps under specialist care.
Endoscopic sinus surgery is a safe, minimally invasive, and highly effective solution for patients with chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, deviated septum, or other sinus-related issues. It is recommended only when conservative treatments fail and is tailored to each patient’s unique condition.
If you or a loved one is struggling with persistent sinus problems, consult a qualified ENT specialist in Nagpur to determine if endoscopic sinus surgery is the right solution.
Don’t let chronic sinus issues affect your daily life. Book an appointment with our experienced ENT specialists today for a detailed evaluation and personalised treatment plan.