Thyroid & Parathyroid Disorders
Hyperthyroidism
When the thyroid produces too much hormone. Metabolism speeds up and causes a rapid or irregular heartbeat, nervousness, irritability, sweating, sensitivity to heat and weight loss. Treated medically.
Hypothyroidism
When too little hormone is produced. Causes fatigue, constipation, muscle aches and pains, facial puffiness, dry skin, sensitivity to cold and weight gain. Treatment with synthetic hormone replacement therapy is the usual course of action.
Hyperparathyroidism
when excess hormone is produced, leading to an excess of calcium in the blood.
Symptoms include osteoporosis, lack of energy, abdominal pain, kidney stones, bone and joint pain, depression, loss of concentration, nausea and vomiting.
Surgery is main treatment
hypoparathyroidism
When the parathyroid glands produce too little hormone.
Low calcium levels in the blood cause an increase in phosphorous and a tingling or burning sensation in the fingertips, toes and lips; muscle aches and cramps; fatigue; weakness; anxiety; headaches; muscle spasms in the hands, arms, throat and around the mouth; depression; mood swings and memory loss. Calcium supplements and Vitamin D are useful in treating this condition.
Thyroid Nodule
What Are Thyroid Nodules?
Thy are extremely common in both adults and children, occurring
in nearly 50% of the population
What Are The Common Causes Of Thyroid Nodules?
- Autoimmune disorders
- Iodine deficiency
- Thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid)
- Pregnancy
- Thyroid cancer
What Are Some Usual Thyroid Nodules Symptoms?
sometimes those with thyroid nodules experience one
or more of the following symptoms:
- Chronic sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Sudden, unexplained weight change
- Nervousness
- Irregular heartbeat
- Trouble sleeping
- Tremors
- Visible neck swelling
- Difficulty breathing
- Hoarseness or voice changes
Who Is At Risk?
Family history of thyroid conditions (e.g. hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, nodules) have a higher likelihood of developing thyroid nodules.
Commonly experienced by women than men.
Small portion of patients who have cancerous nodules tend to be male.
How Are Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed?
- Thyroid ultrasound – provides images of the nodule
- Blood tests – checks the levels of thyroid hormones
- Thyroid scan – measures the temperature of the nodule
- Fine needle aspiration – evaluates the nodule to rule
out cancer
Treatment medication or surgery.
Depends on diagnosis
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)
What are thyroid and parathyroid disorders, and why should you be concerned?
Thyroid and parathyroid disorders involve imbalances in hormone production that can significantly affect your metabolism, energy levels, bone health, and overall well-being. The thyroid regulates metabolism and energy, while the parathyroids control calcium levels in the body. Disruptions in these functions can lead to a range of symptoms and complications.
What are the common types of thyroid and parathyroid disorders?
Thyroid Disorders:
Hyperthyroidism: Overproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and nervousness.
Hypothyroidism: Underproduction of thyroid hormones, causing fatigue, weight gain, and sensitivity to cold.
Thyroid Nodules: Lumps or growths in the thyroid gland, which may be benign or cancerous.
Parathyroid Disorders:
Hyperparathyroidism: Excessive production of parathyroid hormone, leading to elevated calcium levels, osteoporosis, and kidney stones.
Hypoparathyroidism: Insufficient production of parathyroid hormone, resulting in low calcium levels, muscle cramps, and tingling sensations.
How does your ENT team approach thyroid and parathyroid disorders differently?
Our specialists provide a comprehensive, personalized plan:
Thorough evaluation of your medical history and symptoms.
Advanced diagnostic tools, including imaging and blood tests, to accurately diagnose the condition.
Tailored treatment options, such as medication, surgery, or lifestyle modifications, based on the specific disorder.
Continuous monitoring and follow-up care to ensure optimal management and prevent complications.
What treatment options are available for thyroid and parathyroid disorders?
Treatment varies depending on the specific disorder:
Hyperthyroidism: Antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove part of the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism: Thyroid hormone replacement therapy to normalize hormone levels.
Thyroid Nodules: Monitoring, fine needle aspiration biopsy, or surgical removal if cancer is suspected.
Hyperparathyroidism: Surgical removal of the overactive parathyroid gland(s).
Hypoparathyroidism: Calcium and vitamin D supplements to maintain normal calcium levels.
Can thyroid and parathyroid disorders affect different age groups differently?
Yes. While these disorders can occur at any age, certain conditions are more prevalent in specific age groups:
Hyperthyroidism: More common in younger adults, particularly women.
Hypothyroidism: Increases with age, especially in women.
Thyroid Nodules: More frequently diagnosed in older adults.
Hyperparathyroidism: Typically affects individuals over 50, with a higher incidence in women.
Understanding age-related risks helps in early detection and appropriate management.
What are the potential complications if thyroid and parathyroid disorders are untreated?
Untreated disorders can lead to serious health issues:
Hyperthyroidism: Heart problems, osteoporosis, and eye issues.
Hypothyroidism: Heart disease, infertility, and nerve damage.
Thyroid Nodules: Potential for cancerous growths if not monitored.
Hyperparathyroidism: Bone loss, kidney stones, and neurological symptoms.
Hypoparathyroidism: Severe muscle spasms, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias.
Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent these complications.
How can you manage thyroid and parathyroid disorders at home effectively?
While medical treatment is essential, you can support your health with:
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in iodine, calcium, and vitamin D.
Regular physical activity to support metabolism and bone health.
Avoiding excessive intake of iodine or calcium supplements without medical advice.
Monitoring symptoms and maintaining regular follow-up appointments with your healthcare provider.
These measures help in managing the condition and improving overall health.
When should you seek urgent medical care for thyroid or parathyroid concerns?
Seek immediate attention if you experience:
Severe chest pain or palpitations.
Sudden weight changes without changes in diet or exercise.
Severe muscle cramps or spasms.
Confusion, memory loss, or mood changes.
Unexplained fatigue or weakness.
Prompt evaluation ensures timely treatment and prevents serious complications.