What are the types of sinusitis?

Types of sinusitis include:

Acute sinusitis:

Typically caused by a bacterial infection, it lasts for up to four weeks.

Acute sinusitis occurs when the sinuses become inflamed due to a bacterial infection, often following a viral upper respiratory infection. Symptoms include facial pain or pressure, nasal congestion, and thick nasal discharge.

Chronic sinusitis:

Lasting for more than 12 weeks, it may be caused by an infection, allergies, or structural issues in the sinuses.

Chronic sinusitis involves persistent inflammation of the sinuses, leading to long-term symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and reduced sense of smell. It can be caused by various factors including infections, allergies, nasal polyps, or deviated septum.

Subacute sinusitis:

An intermediate stage between acute and chronic sinusitis, lasting between four to 12 weeks.

Subacute sinusitis typically follows acute sinusitis and lasts longer than the acute phase but shorter than chronic sinusitis. It shares similar symptoms with both acute and chronic sinusitis, including nasal congestion, facial pressure, and nasal discharge.

What are the common symptoms of sinusitis?

Common symptoms of sinusitis include:

 Facial pain or pressure:

Often felt around the eyes, forehead, or cheeks due to inflammation and pressure buildup in the sinuses.

Inflamed sinuses can cause pain or pressure in the face as they swell and produce mucus, leading to discomfort in various areas of the face.

 Nasal congestion:

Blockage or obstruction of the nasal passages due to inflammation and excess mucus production.

Inflammation of the sinus tissues narrows the nasal passages, leading to difficulty breathing through the nose and a sensation of stuffiness or congestion.

Thick nasal discharge:

Mucus that is thicker than usual, often yellow or green, resulting from inflammation and infection in the sinuses.

Inflammation and infection of the sinuses lead to increased production of mucus, which may become thicker and discolored due to the presence of white blood cells and debris.

These symptoms can significantly impact your quality of life and daily activities.

How is the diagnosis and testing for sinusitis conducted?

Diagnosing sinusitis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and possibly imaging studies like CT scans or MRIs to assess the sinuses’ condition. ENT specialist may also perform nasal endoscopy to examine the nasal passages and collect samples for further testing if necessary.

What are some home remedies for relieving sinusitis?

Several home remedies can provide relief from sinusitis symptoms. These include saline nasal irrigation, steam inhalation, warm compresses, staying hydrated, using humidifiers, and practicing facial exercises to promote sinus drainage. Additionally, over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms.

What over-the-counter medications are available for treating sinusitis?

Over-the-counter medications such as decongestants, antihistamines, nasal sprays, and pain relievers can help relieve sinusitis symptoms. Decongestants work by shrinking swollen nasal passages, while antihistamines can reduce allergy-related inflammation. Nasal sprays can help clear congestion, and pain relievers can alleviate facial pain and headaches.

What prescription treatments are recommended for sinusitis?

For severe or chronic sinusitis, prescription medications may be necessary. These can include corticosteroid nasal sprays, antibiotics for bacterial infections, antifungal medications, and allergy shots for allergic sinusitis. Your healthcare provider will determine the most appropriate treatment based on your symptoms and medical history.

When is sinus surgery necessary?

In some cases, sinus surgery may be recommended if conservative treatments fail to provide relief. Surgery may involve enlarging the sinus openings, removing nasal polyps, correcting a deviated septum, or repairing structural issues in the sinuses. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of surgery and explore alternative options before proceeding.

What lifestyle modifications can help manage sinusitis?

Making lifestyle changes can help prevent recurrent sinusitis episodes and manage symptoms. These include avoiding known allergens, quitting smoking, maintaining good indoor air quality, staying hydrated, practicing good nasal hygiene, and managing underlying conditions like allergies and asthma.