WHAT IS A SALIVARY GLAND STONE?
When flow of saliva through the salivary gland slows down, material
in the duct can form stones. These stones block the outflow of
saliva, causing swelling and pain in the gland.
WHERE DOES THIS HAPPEN?
Stones can form in any of the major salivary glands.
These include the parotid gland and the submandibular
gland.
SYMPTOMS OF SALIVARY GLAND STONES
- Pain (parotid causes cheek pain, submandibular stones cause jaw
and mouth pain) - Swelling of the face
- Pain with eating
Diagnosis
careful examination
CT scan to confirm the presence of a stone.
TREATMENT OPTIONS
Surgery – removal of the entire salivary gland and duct or
marsupialization of the duct with stone removal.
prevention
sialogogues substances that naturally increase salivary flow
- hydration to increase the amount of saliva, preventing stasis and build-up of stones in the duct system
- massage of the gland to manually move stones through the system, preventing large stone formation
- antibiotics to prevent infection from duct obstruction
Complications associated with surgery / injuries to nerves include:
- Loss of oral sensation
- Loss of taste
- Facial weakness
- Scarring associated with surgical incisions
- Facial deformity
- Occasionally, if the duct is not removed completely, recurrent symptoms may occur
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)
What are salivary gland stones, and why should you be concerned?
Salivary gland stones, or sialolithiasis, are hard mineral deposits that form inside the salivary glands, most commonly in the submandibular gland. They can block the flow of saliva, leading to swelling, pain, and increased risk of infection. Early detection and treatment are essential to prevent complications.
What causes salivary gland stones?
Several factors can contribute to stone formation:
Reduced saliva flow: Dehydration or certain medications can decrease saliva production.
Thick or concentrated saliva: Can lead to crystallization of minerals.
Infections or inflammation: Previous infections can increase the risk of stone formation.
Anatomical factors: Certain structural characteristics of the salivary ducts may predispose to stone development.
What are the common symptoms of salivary gland stones?
Symptoms can vary depending on the size and location of the stone:
Pain and swelling in the affected gland, especially during meals.
Dry mouth or difficulty swallowing.
Tenderness or a palpable lump near the gland.
Recurrent infections of the salivary glands.
Early recognition of symptoms helps in timely treatment.
How are salivary gland stones diagnosed?
Diagnosis typically involves:
Medical history review: Discussing symptoms and past gland issues.
Physical examination: Palpating the gland and duct for stones.
Imaging tests: X-rays, ultrasound, or CT scans may be used to locate and assess the stone.
What treatment options are available for salivary gland stones?
Treatment depends on the size and location of the stone:
Conservative management: Massage, hydration, and sour candies to stimulate saliva flow for small stones.
Minimally invasive procedures: Stone removal through the duct using specialized instruments.
Surgical removal: For large or deeply lodged stones, surgery may be required to remove the stone or the affected gland.
Your ENT specialist will recommend the safest and most effective approach based on your condition.
Can lifestyle changes help prevent salivary gland stones?
Yes, certain habits can reduce the risk:
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to maintain saliva flow.
Stimulate saliva: Chew sugar-free gum or sour candies to encourage saliva production.
Maintain oral hygiene: Regular brushing and dental check-ups prevent infections that can contribute to stone formation.
Avoid dehydration: Reduce excessive intake of caffeine or alcohol, which can thicken saliva.
What are the potential complications if salivary gland stones are untreated?
Untreated stones can lead to:
Recurrent infections: Chronic sialadenitis due to blocked saliva flow.
Swelling and pain: Persistent discomfort in the affected gland.
Abscess formation: Severe infections may lead to pus collection.
Damage to the gland: Long-term blockage can impair gland function.
When should you consult a specialist for salivary gland stones?
Seek medical attention if you experience:
Severe pain or swelling in the face or mouth.
Difficulty swallowing or persistent dry mouth.
Recurrent infections of the salivary glands.
Early evaluation ensures effective management and prevents serious complications.