Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, non-cancerous growths that develop on the lining of the nose or sinuses. They are the end product of chronic inflammation that may result from a viral or bacterial infection, allergies, or an immune system response to fungus. Chronic inflammation causes the blood vessels in the lining of the nose and sinuses to become more permeable, allowing water to accumulate in the cells. Over time, as gravity pulls on these waterlogged tissues, they develop into polyps.
Polyps are generally soft and pearl colored, with a consistency like jelly. Polyps may be single or several, clustered together like grapes on a stem.
SYMPTOMS
OF NASAL POLYPS MAY INCLUDE:
It is unusual for small nasal polyps to cause any symptoms. Signs and symptoms of larger nasal polyps include:
- Nasal obstruction
- Runny nose
- Chronic sinus infections
- Loss or diminished sense of smell
- Dull headaches
- Snoring
TREATMENT
Treatment of nasal polyps depends on the size of the polyps and symptoms. Medications are the most common treatment for small nasal polyps. Surgery may be needed to remove larger growths, but if the underlying cause of the polyps is not treated, the polyps frequently return. Below are various treatment options for nasal polyps:
- Inhaled Nasal Steroids.
- Oral Corticosteroids.
- Medications to Control Allergies or Infections.
- Antifungal Medications.
- Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy).
- Surgery. If medical treatments are not effective, surgical removal of the nasal polyps may be of benefit.
Surgery for Nasal Polyps
ENDOSCOPIC SINUS SURGERY TO
REMOVE POLYPS
To remove larger nasal polyps, Dr. Darakshan can perform endoscopic sinus surgery. In this procedure, endoscopic fiber-optics surgical techniques are used to unblock obstructions, open the natural drainage areas of the sinuses, and remove nasal polyps. Increased ventilation and drainage can relieve congestion and sinus headaches, improve nasal breathing, and enhance the patient’s sense of smell in many cases.
During endoscopic sinus surgery, Dr. Darakshan uses previously-performed CT imaging and computers intra-operatively to minimize risk. This technology allows him to view live images of the procedure and, at the same time, have a real-time three-dimensional CAT scan image of the surgical area. Intra-operative CT guidance provides Dr. Darakshan with important anatomical information and gives him better insight into the field of the operation, reducing the risks and improving the results of surgery.
When nasal polyps are surgically removed, they are likely to recur if the underlying source of the problem is not treated. Dr. Darakshan always tests the polyps to evaluate the underlying cause, and in the post-operative period he treats this source to help prevent polyp recurrence.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ’s)
What are nasal polyps, and why do they cause such discomfort?
Nasal polyps are noncancerous, soft growths that develop in the lining of your nasal passages or sinuses. They result from chronic inflammation and can vary in size from small teardrop shapes to larger grape-like clusters. While they are painless, their presence can lead to significant discomfort by obstructing airflow, impairing the sense of smell, and causing sinus infections.
How does your ENT team approach nasal polyp treatment differently?
Our specialists adopt a comprehensive and personalized approach to managing nasal polyps. We begin with a thorough evaluation, including detailed medical history and, if necessary, imaging studies to assess the extent of the polyps. Treatment plans are tailored to each patient’s needs and may include:
Intranasal corticosteroids: The first line of treatment to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps.
Oral corticosteroids: Used cautiously for short-term relief in severe cases.
Biologic therapies: For patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), medications like dupilumab (Dupixent) can be effective.
Surgical intervention: Endoscopic sinus surgery may be considered if polyps are large or unresponsive to medication.
We also emphasize environmental control measures and patient education to help manage and mitigate symptoms effectively.
What lifestyle changes can help manage nasal polyps?
In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle modifications can help alleviate symptoms:
Avoidance of allergens: Stay indoors during high pollen seasons, keep windows closed, and use air purifiers.
Regular cleaning: Wash bedding and vacuum frequently to reduce dust mites and pet dander.
Nasal irrigation: Using saline solutions to rinse nasal passages can help clear allergens and mucus.
Showering and changing clothes: After being outdoors, to remove pollen and other allergens.
Implementing these changes can complement medical treatments and improve symptom control.
In addition to medical treatments, certain lifestyle modifications can help alleviate symptoms:
It’s advisable to seek consultation if:
Symptoms persist despite over-the-counter treatments.
Symptoms interfere with daily activities or quality of life.
You experience frequent sinus infections or nasal polyps.
You have other conditions like asthma or eczema that may be related to allergies.
Our ENT specialists can provide a thorough evaluation and develop a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your needs.
What are the potential complications of untreated nasal polyps?
If left untreated, nasal polyps can lead to:
Chronic sinusitis: Persistent inflammation can lead to sinus infections.
Nasal polyps: Noncancerous growths in the nasal passages or sinuses.
Sleep disturbances: Due to nasal congestion.
Asthma exacerbations: Allergic rhinitis can worsen asthma symptoms.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent these complications.
Can nasal polyps affect children and older adults differently?
Yes. Children may experience behavioral changes, sleep disturbances, or learning difficulties due to allergy symptoms. Older adults may have increased risk of sinus infections or complications from chronic congestion. Our team evaluates age-specific factors to ensure treatment is safe, effective, and tailored for every patient.
How can you reduce seasonal allergy flare-ups naturally?
You can minimize allergy attacks by:
Monitoring pollen forecasts and staying indoors during peak seasons.
Using air purifiers at home to reduce airborne allergens.
Wearing masks outdoors during high pollen days.
Keeping your home humidity balanced to prevent mold growth.
Consistent preventive habits enhance treatment effectiveness and reduce flare-ups.
Are there long-term solutions for nasal polyps?
Long-term relief often requires a combination of targeted medical treatment and lifestyle management. Allergen immunotherapy can provide lasting desensitization, while maintaining environmental controls and regular check-ups ensures sustained symptom control. With proper management, you can significantly reduce daily discomfort and prevent complications.